ISO8124

哥哥在家 · 发表于 2012-11-3 09:11

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本帖最后由哥哥在家于 2012-11-3 09:29 编辑

ISO 8124-1 AMD-2 2011 Draft
ISO 8124-1 AMD-1 2011 Draft

YHH198219 · 发表于 2013-5-27 13:52

学习了

wuwang · 发表于 2012-11-12 14:43

LZ你不会是打算把它全部Copy过来吧？？？

哥哥在家 · 发表于 2012-11-12 08:54

T2mm2) are considered appropriate to ensure, with a safety margin, that powerful magnets of this type will not
be permitted for use in toys if they fit entirely within the small parts cylinder. By introducing the flux index limit,
the risk of injuries with magnets will be minimized. As additional data becomes available in the future, this limit
will be assessed to determine whether it is still appropriate.
Two or more magnets can attract each other and form a compound magnet with a higher flux index than each
single magnet. The flux index will not double if two equally strong magnets are attracted to each other and the
increase in flux index will be relatively smaller for every new magnet that is added and will depend on
magnetic material, shape, cross-section, etc. Ingestion of multiple magnets has only been observed with
stronger magnets and there is no incident data regarding weak magnets close to the flux index limit forming a
(stronger) compound magnet. Therefore, no additional test for compound magnets is introduced.
Toys that contain magnets and which can be expected to become wet during normal and foreseeable use are
subjected to a soaking test to ensure that glued magnets do not detach when the toy is wet. Also, wooden
toys are subjected to the test since the properties of wood (such as size of holes) can change even with
changes in air humidity.
In some cases magnets are recessed and therefore, cannot be subjected to the normal torque and tension
tests. Examples of toys have been found where a magnet has become detached by another magnet. A
tension test for magnets has been introduced to minimize the risk that such magnets become detached during
normal and foreseeable play.
For toys that comprise only one magnetic component, that toy is considered to meet the definition of a
magnetic component (see 3.xx).
Functional magnets in toys are not considered to present the same risk as magnets that form part of the play
pattern. The use of magnets in these components may not be recognized, as they will be present inside
electrical motors or in relays in electronic circuit boards. None of the reported incidents has been linked to
magnets released from electrical or electronic components.
Magnetic/electrical experimental sets that are intended for children over 8 years of age are excluded from the
requirements in 4.30.2 and instead they are required to carry the prescribed warning. The exception applies to
only the more advanced experimental sets that include building of electrical motors, loudspeakers, doorbells,
etc., i.e. products that require both magnetism and electricity for their function. Magnetic/electrical
experimental sets that are intended for children under 8 years are, therefore, required to comply with the
requirements in 4.30.2..
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哥哥在家 · 发表于 2012-11-12 08:54

Perform the soaking test for a total of four cycles.
Immediately after the last cycle, determine whether any liberated magnets or magnetic components fit entirely
in the cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).
Annex B Labelling
Add the following clause:
B.2.21 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets for children over 8 years
See 4.30.1 and E.44)
The packaging and the instructions for use of magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children 8
years of age or older shall carry a statement comparable or similar to the following.
“WARNING! Not suitable for children under 8 years. This product contains (a) small magnet(s).
Swallowed magnets can stick together across intestines causing serious infections and death. Seek
immediate medical attention if magnet(s) are swallowed or inhaled.”
Annex E Rationale
Add the following clause:
E.44 Magnets
See 4.30.
These requirements are intended to address the hazards associated with ingestion of strong magnets (e.g.
neodymium iron boron type magnets (“NIB”)), that are capable of causing intestinal perforation or blockage.
These hazards are additional to those associated with small parts such as suffocation or asphyxiation (see
E.6). These requirements apply regardless of the age of the intended user.
Magnets found by children can be ingested. If more than one magnet, or one magnet and a ferromagnetic
object (for example an iron or nickel object) is ingested, the objects can attract each other across intestinal
walls and cause perforation or blockage, which can cause severe injuries that may be fatal.
Multiple incidents, including at least one fatality, have been reported involving ingestion of magnets resulting
in perforation or blockage of the intestines. These incidents have involved children younger and older than 3
years of age. Medical signs associated with intestinal perforation or blockage can easily be misinterpreted
since many children exhibit only flu-like symptoms. Such misinterpretations have caused delays in the medical
treatment and led to serious consequences for children.
For the purpose of this standard, magnets or magnetic components that could be ingested are identified using
the small parts cylinder. The small parts cylinder was originally designed to identify small parts in toys
intended for children under 3 years of age, which are capable of causing suffocation or asphyxiation. It was
not designed for identifying objects that can be ingested by older children. The decision to use the small parts
cylinder also for assessment of magnets or magnetic components that can be ingested was made for practical
reasons: The cylinder is a well known test template and it provides a safety margin since the magnets and
magnetic components that have been involved in incidents all fit into the cylinder with a large margin. This
same principle has been applied in the requirements for expanding materials.
The risk of magnets attracting each other across intestinal walls is a function of magnet strength. A limit value
in the form of a magnetic flux index has been introduced to define what a sufficiently weak magnet is. Analysis
of the data indicates that only the small, powerful NIB type magnets have been involved in the known
incidents. Further analysis has determined that magnets with a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5
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哥哥在家 · 发表于 2012-11-12 08:54

NOTE An example of a multi-pole magnet is a rubberized/plastoferrite magnet, consisting of multiple strips or poles.
Figure XX – Maximum diameter of magnet with a non-flat pole
Key
1 maximum cross-section perpendicular to the axis
2 axis through the magnet poles
5.32.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index
The flux index (kG2mm2) is calculated by multiplying the calculated area of the pole surface (mm2) of the
magnet by the square of the maximum flux density (kG2).
5.33 Cycling
See 4.32.2 c).
Ten cycles as described below, shall be performed on the as-received magnet(s) or magnetic component(s).
The magnet or magnetic component shall be brought together to a distance that initiates magnetic attraction,
be released, and then pulled apart to the distance where magnetic attraction ceases. Each attachment and
detachment shall count as one cycle. If no other magnets or magnetic components are provided with the toy,
the mating metal part or surface, according to the toy’s intended play pattern, shall be used for cycling
purposes. If no other metal parts or surfaces are provided with the toy, the apparatus described in 5.31.4 shall
be used for cycling purposes.
5.34 Impact test for magnets
See 4.32.2 c).
Place the relevant component of the toy in the most onerous position on a plane horizontal steel surface and
drop a metallic weight with a mass of (1 ± 0,02) kg, distributed over a diameter of (80 ± 2) mm, through a
distance of (100 ± 2) mm onto the toy.
Determine whether any liberated magnets or magnetic components fit entirely in the cylinder when tested in
accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).
5.35 Soaking test for magnets
See 4.30.2 b).
Submerge the toy or toy component completely in a container of demineralised water at a temperature of (20
± 5) °C for 4 min. Remove the toy, shake off the excess water and keep the toy at room temperature for 10
min.
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哥哥在家 · 发表于 2012-11-12 08:53

5.31.4.2 Procedure
Without damaging the toy, place the flat part of the disc as close as possible, making contact if possible, to the
magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the disc until it separates from the magnet under test.
Perform the test 10 times or until the magnet under test is detached from the toy, whichever occurs first.
5.32 Magnetic flux index
See 4.30.1, 4.31.2 a) and c).
5.32.1 Principle
The magnetic flux index is calculated based on the results from measurements of the flux density and the pole
surface area.
5.32.2 Apparatus
5.32.2.1 Direct current field Gauss meter, capable of determining the field to an accuracy of 5 G.
The meter shall have an axial type probe with
- an active area diameter of (0,76 ± 0,13) mm
- a distance between the active area and probe tip of (0,38 ± 0,13) mm
5.32.2.2 Calliper, or similar device with an accuracy of 0,1 mm.
5.32.3 Procedure
5.32.3.1 Measurement of flux density
Identify the surface of the magnet that is the pole.
Place the tip of the Gauss meter probe in contact with the pole surface of the magnet. For a magnetic
component (where the magnet is fully or partially imbedded in part of the toy), place the tip of the probe in
contact with the surface of the component.
Maintain the probe in a position perpendicular to the surface.
Move the probe across the surface to locate the maximum absolute value of the flux density. Record the
maximum absolute value of the flux density.
NOTE Since the meter can read both negative and positive values, the absolute value is used for calculations.
5.32.3.2 Measurement and calculation of the pole surface area
If the magnet is imbedded/attached as part of a magnetic component, extract the magnet from the component,
even if it is necessary to break the toy.
If the pole surface of the magnet is flat, measure the dimensions with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and calculate
the area using the appropriate geometric formula.
If the pole is not flat, (for example hemispherical) measure the maximum diameter of the magnet
perpendicular to an axis through the magnetic poles (see Figure XX), with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and
calculate the area of the corresponding cross section. For multi-pole magnets, measure and calculate the
area of the largest single pole, which can be identified using magnetic field viewing film or equivalent.

哥哥在家 · 发表于 2012-11-12 08:53

5.31 Tension test for magnets
See 4.30.2 c).
5.31.1 Principle
These tests simulate the intended or reasonably foreseeable play pattern. It is recognized that toys may
contain a single magnet or a combination of magnets, magnetic components and/or metal mating parts and
the tests are designed to simulate a reasonably foreseeable play pattern using these components to attach
and detach the magnetic parts.
For toys that contain more than one magnet/ magnetic component, the test specified in 5.31.2 (toys with
magnet(s) or magnetic component(s)) shall be carried out unless it is not possible to perform the test without
damaging the toy. In the latter case, the test shall be carried out using the reference disk, as described in
5.31.4 (toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component).
NOTE: An example of a case where it is not possible to perform the test in 5.31.2 with magnet(s) or magnetic
component(s) without damaging the toy, is a toy figurine with one accessible but non-graspable magnet in each foot.
Toys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component shall be tested according to 5.31.3 (toys
that contain one magnet only and a mating metal part).
Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component, shall be tested according to 5.31.4 (toys
that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component), since this simulates a play pattern where the
toy is attached and detached to a surface that is not delivered with the toy.
5.31.2 Toys with magnet(s) or magnetic component(s)
Identify the magnet or magnetic component in the toy that is most likely to be able to detach. The identified
magnet or magnetic component shall be subjected to the tension test for magnets.
If it is not possible to determine which magnet or magnetic component(s) in the toy is most likely to be able to
detach the magnet under test, it is permissible to repeat the test with another magnet or magnetic component
from the toy.
Without damaging the toy, place the magnet or magnetic component in the orientation of attraction, as close
as possible, making contact if possible, to the magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the
magnet/magnetic component until it separates from the magnet under test. Perform the test 10 times or until
the magnet under test is detached from the toy, whichever occurs first.
Repeat the procedure for any other magnet that in accordance with 4.31.2 (toys other than magnetic/electrical
experimental sets intended for children over 8 years) shall be subjected to the tension test for magnets.
5.31.3 Toys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component
Without damaging the toy, place the metal components as close as possible, making contact if possible, to the
magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the metal component until it separates from the
magnet under test. Perform the test 10 times or until the magnet under test is detached from the toy,
whichever occurs first.
5.31.4 Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component
5.31.4.1 Apparatus
Nickel disc with a minimum nickel content of 99 %, and having the following dimensions:
- diameter: (30 ± 0.5) mm
- thickness: (10 ± 0.5) mm

哥哥在家 · 发表于 2012-11-12 08:53

4.30.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years
a) Any loose as received magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) shall either have a magnetic flux index less
than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested in accordance with 5.32 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit
entirely in the cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).
b) Wooden toys, toys intended to be used in water and mouth pieces of mouth-actuated toys with magnets
or magnetic components shall be tested in in accordance with 5.35 (soaking test for magnets) before
being tested in accordance with 4.30.2 c) below.
c) The following tests shall be carried out in the prescribed order on all unique magnetic component(s). The
components used for this testing shall not have been previously subjected to normal use and reasonably
foreseeable abuse tests. Any magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) that become liberated from a toy, or
from a loose as received magnetic component shall either – when tested according to the tests listed
below - have a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested in accordance with
5.32 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 5.2 (small parts
test).
⎯ 5.33 (cycling)
⎯ 5.24.2 (drop test) or if applicable, 5.24.3 (tip over test for large and bulky toys)
⎯ 5.24.5 (torque test)
⎯ 5.24.6.1 (tension test, general procedure)
⎯ 5.24.6.2 (tension test for seams in soft-filled (stuffed) toys and beanbag-type toys), if applicable
⎯ 5.34 (impact test for magnets)
⎯ 5.24.7 (compression test), for magnets that are accessible but cannot be grasped (as specified in
5.24.6.1 (general procedure)
⎯ 5.31 (tension test for magnets))
NOTES
1 Examples of unique magnetic components are rods of different sizes or shapes containing magnets.
2 If the toy contains one magnet, the component holding the magnet is considered to be a unique component.
3 An example of a magnet that is accessible but cannot be grasped is a magnet that is recessed.
These requirements do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys
5 Test methods
Replace the second paragraph of clause 5.14 (impact test for toys that cover the face) with the following:
Drop a steel ball of diameter (16 ± 0,15) mm and mass of (16,9 ± 0,7) g from a height of (130 ± 0,5) cm onto
the horizontal upper surface of the toy in the area that would cover the eyes in normal use.
Add the following new note to clause 5.24.1 (reasonably foreseeable abuse tests, general)
NOTE: The tests according to clause 4.30.2 are carried out in the order specified in the clause, on a toy or
part of a toy that has not been previously tested according to this clause.
Add the following test methods:
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哥哥在家 · 发表于 2012-11-12 08:52

3 Terms and definitions
Add the following definitions:
3.xx
magnetic component
any part of a toy which contains an attached or fully or partially enclosed magnet
3.yy
magnetic/electrical experimental set
toy containing one or more magnets intended for carrying out educational experiments involving both
magnetism and electricity
3.zz
functional magnet in electrical or electronic components of toys
any magnet necessary for the function of motors, relays, speakers and other electrical or electronic
components in a toy where the magnetic properties are not part of the play pattern of the toy
4 Requirements
Add the following requirements:
4.30 Magnets and magnetic components
See Clause E.44.
4.30.1 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years
Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children 8 years and over that contain magnetic
components shall carry a warning (see B.2.21 for guidance) if they both:
- have a magnetic flux index greater than 50kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 5.32 (magnetic
flux index)
- fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to clause 5.2 (small parts test)
NOTE Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children under 8 years shall comply with the requirements in
4.30.2 (toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets).
These requirements do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys.

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[玩具标准] ISO8124

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