标题: ISO8124 [打印本页] 作者: 哥哥在家 时间: 2012-11-3 09:11 标题: ISO8124 本帖最后由 哥哥在家 于 2012-11-3 09:29 编辑 ( w! u' V0 ~- E; Z0 \ / B$ k5 ~( ^3 `& W& RISO 8124-1 AMD-2 2011 Draft! M [2 p+ Y9 g6 H0 X6 |. T
ISO 8124-1 AMD-1 2011 Draft ; t! ^ }( b+ I& v; L* m 3 @, ^( Z# O: R+ ]作者: samli 时间: 2012-11-4 18:52
期待正式版！ ISO 8124-1:2012 ) Y$ V1 O3 e, ohttp://www.iso.org/iso/home/stor ... .htm?csnumber=62327作者: yeman 时间: 2012-11-8 16:47
更新哪些内容呀？作者: 哥哥在家 时间: 2012-11-12 08:51
Contents Page ) W3 U T( O' X5 q1 h3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................3 * X: I* b& |% d% a4 v4 Requirements........................................................................................................................................3 , f* n9 O) \* S% f5 L4.30 Magnets and magnetic components....................................................................................................3 ( h5 H% l6 Y. G* e; S4.30.1 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years......................................34 a5 t" r6 h- C" G: r/ H
4.30.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years..........48 b2 {$ `0 V3 ?7 \0 ?7 a
5 Test methods.........................................................................................................................................4- W! d5 H! g: e2 [! G. t. E) r$ H
5.31 Tension test for magnets......................................................................................................................5 ( }5 S9 Q' J. O* T; w0 c6 R5 }5.31.2 Toys with magnet(s) or magnetic component(s)..................................................................................5% ]0 |; V. r- n; `
5.31.3 Toys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component...............................................5 " m* b0 A: V# P4 k5.31.4 Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component.............................................5 . K- P* m, c2 {9 ^0 Z5.32 Magnetic flux index...............................................................................................................................6/ d8 a0 B/ h+ R, T0 y
5.32.1 Principle.................................................................................................................................................6; [1 w! N; }. L$ i8 q
5.32.2 Apparatus ..............................................................................................................................................6, S' ~8 p! w! ^# f8 z' g
5.32.3 Procedure ..............................................................................................................................................6- f' q4 k+ J* f9 h8 o
5.32.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index ......................................................................................................7 " ] H; Q0 ]% C5.33 Cycling ...................................................................................................................................................7 ) T- m3 M9 j+ A5.34 Impact test for magnets ........................................................................................................................7 {1 u- Q" }4 b1 M6 n; D5.35 Soaking test for magnets......................................................................................................................7 : {% A- C* X( d0 h6 B$ x9 |3 {B.2.21 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets for children over 8 years ......................................................8( N0 G. D# E( J) q; r
E.44 Magnets .................................................................................................................................................8作者: 哥哥在家 时间: 2012-11-12 08:52
3 Terms and definitions1 _/ ~( T0 |7 R4 L: a8 P
Add the following definitions: 8 B4 R" ~$ y5 l" e! B" Y3.xx8 O1 I+ Z3 B* h& B! q9 M& \; p
magnetic component 0 Z: K. h; J" t' A% S7 V, Iany part of a toy which contains an attached or fully or partially enclosed magnet # c7 q% Z7 k# Y( {% x) m' ^4 [- \3.yy 7 m7 \% m5 f) j2 ~magnetic/electrical experimental set 2 k- K# G- _! d3 n9 ]toy containing one or more magnets intended for carrying out educational experiments involving both* a3 C7 p, w5 \1 ^9 B
magnetism and electricity 7 G8 S6 N4 h0 b' U: T( j; m3.zz9 X1 v3 x) N, ^- f3 Z0 t
functional magnet in electrical or electronic components of toys - L5 B- t% Y% p+ k0 e S `3 eany magnet necessary for the function of motors, relays, speakers and other electrical or electronic 5 N7 e, S7 q: T. Kcomponents in a toy where the magnetic properties are not part of the play pattern of the toy / \" ] s& v( Z+ G J% T3 }2 x4 Requirements # Z) _5 q6 Y8 K! l' }. C5 ^Add the following requirements: ) s$ H# w$ T0 y! c2 f) }4.30 Magnets and magnetic components: J, V+ i+ f1 r3 O# r% k" j
See Clause E.44.: F8 p) B. v3 N) T
4.30.1 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years9 P; L1 C9 d* |. y# f1 v
Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children 8 years and over that contain magnetic: y" U; o, R' ?% w2 X% Z
components shall carry a warning (see B.2.21 for guidance) if they both:2 z5 d: [( g8 b9 O! N% O/ q
- have a magnetic flux index greater than 50kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 5.32 (magnetic 3 }6 ? @8 L/ o ^flux index)7 P. }3 E& [& I7 T
- fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to clause 5.2 (small parts test) n+ f' D4 ]: sNOTE Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children under 8 years shall comply with the requirements in + K0 Z0 C; X& Q0 Q4.30.2 (toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets).# J Z" b( ~- u+ ]# L
These requirements do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys.作者: 哥哥在家 时间: 2012-11-12 08:53
4.30.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years- k0 i2 ]; w G& \2 b1 m
a) Any loose as received magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) shall either have a magnetic flux index less 6 [) w! H/ y) j" \6 Fthan 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested in accordance with 5.32 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit: S8 n6 d% P1 U3 d
entirely in the cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).! T% L: e( @# u: C1 b% P( D
b) Wooden toys, toys intended to be used in water and mouth pieces of mouth-actuated toys with magnets% Q+ T! S8 z% f3 l
or magnetic components shall be tested in in accordance with 5.35 (soaking test for magnets) before. P; f0 x t4 Z, Q6 b1 @, B1 C( y
being tested in accordance with 4.30.2 c) below. 1 i0 u* [9 @) c. E5 x. i8 sc) The following tests shall be carried out in the prescribed order on all unique magnetic component(s). The; E6 h# T- q$ O) F( Q
components used for this testing shall not have been previously subjected to normal use and reasonably $ C6 S' I( n8 ]% L* [foreseeable abuse tests. Any magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) that become liberated from a toy, or7 ?3 N9 E0 C1 g% U" v
from a loose as received magnetic component shall either – when tested according to the tests listed: B8 a6 b1 x# `, s P
below - have a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested in accordance with9 r, o9 [) M3 l0 A' r9 F
5.32 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 5.2 (small parts) \6 e& k5 f: s7 q0 d8 _
test). {1 {0 c# V; I9 z⎯ 5.33 (cycling) / |( @- U* k) {. m⎯ 5.24.2 (drop test) or if applicable, 5.24.3 (tip over test for large and bulky toys); J$ x$ ]% z8 d* Y
⎯ 5.24.5 (torque test) 0 o$ z6 J& `+ a! [, Z" G⎯ 5.24.6.1 (tension test, general procedure)9 `% i+ l; S4 s8 K% Q( h# m
⎯ 5.24.6.2 (tension test for seams in soft-filled (stuffed) toys and beanbag-type toys), if applicable/ {, i/ Z7 F; K5 ?
⎯ 5.34 (impact test for magnets)& B2 u% [7 U0 a5 q
⎯ 5.24.7 (compression test), for magnets that are accessible but cannot be grasped (as specified in 3 N4 O" x- y2 f, F" V+ f; X3 s7 J5.24.6.1 (general procedure) & ?) s7 |- e4 l! C1 \- [) T. f5 x E; A⎯ 5.31 (tension test for magnets)) 7 g+ h0 s5 d- P% x+ W4 h2 K2 ]NOTES, F9 F. ]5 {% ^0 t0 @5 x
1 Examples of unique magnetic components are rods of different sizes or shapes containing magnets.! ]$ C+ _3 b9 K4 t
2 If the toy contains one magnet, the component holding the magnet is considered to be a unique component.% f. f# P& l# i( i7 |9 [
3 An example of a magnet that is accessible but cannot be grasped is a magnet that is recessed.- N. T3 _2 n. g9 P5 ^
These requirements do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys/ L# Z# Q4 ? r2 k" R3 V
5 Test methods # X, }) s9 W8 L$ n; N; MReplace the second paragraph of clause 5.14 (impact test for toys that cover the face) with the following: $ V2 I, `, N. E/ v' kDrop a steel ball of diameter (16 ± 0,15) mm and mass of (16,9 ± 0,7) g from a height of (130 ± 0,5) cm onto 4 ~0 }& P! g6 r5 Vthe horizontal upper surface of the toy in the area that would cover the eyes in normal use." R6 r6 j6 O6 I/ Q1 o. {1 H
Add the following new note to clause 5.24.1 (reasonably foreseeable abuse tests, general)$ Y6 C* q/ \9 Z& j
NOTE: The tests according to clause 4.30.2 are carried out in the order specified in the clause, on a toy or . ]0 V$ _% G+ _% k- Dpart of a toy that has not been previously tested according to this clause.8 V- J& z* m2 b: Q
Add the following test methods:# E( j$ p9 i: q% Z0 H% t8 n
--`,`,``,,`,```,```,,````,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---作者: 哥哥在家 时间: 2012-11-12 08:53
5.31 Tension test for magnets ; E) U2 q1 g( x/ R1 A# D' QSee 4.30.2 c). : f; P5 J! q( I8 [3 |5.31.1 Principle 3 K0 m5 t3 g; D1 i+ c4 TThese tests simulate the intended or reasonably foreseeable play pattern. It is recognized that toys may 9 j( q" S+ i6 bcontain a single magnet or a combination of magnets, magnetic components and/or metal mating parts and1 y0 Y; m! Y7 b/ B% R' S0 h
the tests are designed to simulate a reasonably foreseeable play pattern using these components to attach0 s$ b2 E9 }3 ~7 K9 `( }$ r& f
and detach the magnetic parts. 8 y0 I+ g* k7 p8 XFor toys that contain more than one magnet/ magnetic component, the test specified in 5.31.2 (toys with 0 r# J2 c( v5 K$ n ]. a3 p7 qmagnet(s) or magnetic component(s)) shall be carried out unless it is not possible to perform the test without , L; S R1 B8 Rdamaging the toy. In the latter case, the test shall be carried out using the reference disk, as described in 5 n3 o9 ?" R0 f8 ~9 H5.31.4 (toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component). 5 j$ s8 f/ d) ^% `' GNOTE: An example of a case where it is not possible to perform the test in 5.31.2 with magnet(s) or magnetic; g+ F! w3 X+ Z! u* U6 l C' b4 e( L! E
component(s) without damaging the toy, is a toy figurine with one accessible but non-graspable magnet in each foot.$ ~/ e& Y+ b# ?" @
Toys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component shall be tested according to 5.31.3 (toys & b. n/ k9 d% p! i1 bthat contain one magnet only and a mating metal part). 9 c3 s- b8 k! P# C0 z) CToys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component, shall be tested according to 5.31.4 (toys a! q4 k. ?% l* E& t1 l4 Hthat contain one magnet only and no mating metal component), since this simulates a play pattern where the- F. W: B3 v0 i( z$ c4 v3 _
toy is attached and detached to a surface that is not delivered with the toy. # H+ g* T, p8 h# H5.31.2 Toys with magnet(s) or magnetic component(s) 6 X0 A9 r7 a7 n5 nIdentify the magnet or magnetic component in the toy that is most likely to be able to detach. The identified ) s$ n. [" Z1 tmagnet or magnetic component shall be subjected to the tension test for magnets.3 W9 U5 t& Y! k3 U# }/ c
If it is not possible to determine which magnet or magnetic component(s) in the toy is most likely to be able to ) q5 f. S+ V2 I" t* m4 J* c Ddetach the magnet under test, it is permissible to repeat the test with another magnet or magnetic component 4 z5 _4 m V6 ^! F, x. u+ yfrom the toy. 1 L: E: g& l' a+ M) G& Q& hWithout damaging the toy, place the magnet or magnetic component in the orientation of attraction, as close. w$ r( `7 h6 b5 y
as possible, making contact if possible, to the magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the : S$ g/ W/ j8 z! i" X& fmagnet/magnetic component until it separates from the magnet under test. Perform the test 10 times or until . V1 ] E+ C$ i- v9 |7 Q- m$ gthe magnet under test is detached from the toy, whichever occurs first. B; m! l5 S c) I( l7 nRepeat the procedure for any other magnet that in accordance with 4.31.2 (toys other than magnetic/electrical( W) s$ I0 h# `1 \; {4 H
experimental sets intended for children over 8 years) shall be subjected to the tension test for magnets.$ G' F1 C- K: f* `3 X$ J
5.31.3 Toys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component 3 @6 y4 k3 m# f' i8 aWithout damaging the toy, place the metal components as close as possible, making contact if possible, to the 3 }2 r6 a l1 Cmagnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the metal component until it separates from the; n; ?- U' U4 c7 U8 P
magnet under test. Perform the test 10 times or until the magnet under test is detached from the toy, 0 E; m4 k K' o7 O+ a, ^* {whichever occurs first. 2 G z" z1 ~4 Z, w5.31.4 Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component % G% o8 F4 w& d. P* e5.31.4.1 Apparatus% W. z3 K9 y- l- u
Nickel disc with a minimum nickel content of 99 %, and having the following dimensions:: ?* N4 U8 q7 ]' }* G
- diameter: (30 ± 0.5) mm1 J% z) G M& {- T" d6 U0 Z
- thickness: (10 ± 0.5) mm作者: 哥哥在家 时间: 2012-11-12 08:53
5.31.4.2 Procedure+ |6 Q: n9 }9 h( G
Without damaging the toy, place the flat part of the disc as close as possible, making contact if possible, to the/ X1 J/ U# q5 W x& u# `- c) ^
magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the disc until it separates from the magnet under test. # P1 D/ D; o7 a. l& T7 NPerform the test 10 times or until the magnet under test is detached from the toy, whichever occurs first. " l9 m- u4 r; j ]5 s @5.32 Magnetic flux index7 y: m: s9 b) H! X) ?& p/ Q
See 4.30.1, 4.31.2 a) and c). 3 w2 J }5 }3 E- H( l; Q5.32.1 Principle 1 m9 Q- t* |- k+ z( XThe magnetic flux index is calculated based on the results from measurements of the flux density and the pole6 I& k8 p5 l8 M$ {4 P+ g
surface area.* C; \ E! v; T5 O# b
5.32.2 Apparatus " u8 {! ~0 X& f9 }# J5.32.2.1 Direct current field Gauss meter, capable of determining the field to an accuracy of 5 G. ( ?; S% J2 Y, Y _) KThe meter shall have an axial type probe with6 h7 J$ C, y- {
- an active area diameter of (0,76 ± 0,13) mm * `$ n f( t" }, M- a distance between the active area and probe tip of (0,38 ± 0,13) mm& h( Z) E) \7 Y8 t1 K
5.32.2.2 Calliper, or similar device with an accuracy of 0,1 mm. + L) ~# [: M" [. \/ P9 p5.32.3 Procedure0 V" N/ L, ]' ~; M) c
5.32.3.1 Measurement of flux density$ s; T# y) g# A* ~. _: o& R" Q
Identify the surface of the magnet that is the pole.$ R1 F0 \1 \( o( d z
Place the tip of the Gauss meter probe in contact with the pole surface of the magnet. For a magnetic 0 o+ H+ C( S$ |8 scomponent (where the magnet is fully or partially imbedded in part of the toy), place the tip of the probe in 2 z7 V3 R3 E* A$ tcontact with the surface of the component. . q1 I! i2 h- c0 @' ~$ RMaintain the probe in a position perpendicular to the surface. & k! m- r( [2 P. k% \Move the probe across the surface to locate the maximum absolute value of the flux density. Record the* m; J5 ]6 m/ t" j' b) ^' M2 i; q
maximum absolute value of the flux density., S3 C7 G' o! @3 A, P0 G9 y
NOTE Since the meter can read both negative and positive values, the absolute value is used for calculations.& t7 w0 v5 B1 w
5.32.3.2 Measurement and calculation of the pole surface area 7 w7 L. K$ ]% XIf the magnet is imbedded/attached as part of a magnetic component, extract the magnet from the component,1 H2 I& a0 a Q) y9 O1 {/ f4 g
even if it is necessary to break the toy.3 a: F. P) E b4 O3 h. O) V' O
If the pole surface of the magnet is flat, measure the dimensions with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and calculate + A+ B; _ m: a2 P B8 jthe area using the appropriate geometric formula. 1 [* s# {& F# @0 A+ ]If the pole is not flat, (for example hemispherical) measure the maximum diameter of the magnet' {- r8 O+ K) Y2 G& F$ ~, f# T# X
perpendicular to an axis through the magnetic poles (see Figure XX), with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and s- S* K$ C, _+ L2 P4 |0 |8 H
calculate the area of the corresponding cross section. For multi-pole magnets, measure and calculate the # Y! k" ^7 F( A8 J3 o/ @! h" Narea of the largest single pole, which can be identified using magnetic field viewing film or equivalent.作者: 哥哥在家 时间: 2012-11-12 08:54
NOTE An example of a multi-pole magnet is a rubberized/plastoferrite magnet, consisting of multiple strips or poles. 4 B; h6 \! a8 K- _1 oFigure XX – Maximum diameter of magnet with a non-flat pole# Z1 l9 {4 Q W: |5 h
Key ( J$ ~& |" Y7 x7 e1 maximum cross-section perpendicular to the axis : m8 \ P9 N6 N2 axis through the magnet poles! E- C6 \, M T$ b8 g. i! c
5.32.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index! Q* y$ I4 g8 d- a" u! C1 o! _/ O
The flux index (kG2mm2) is calculated by multiplying the calculated area of the pole surface (mm2) of the9 N( Z- }6 _+ T1 T
magnet by the square of the maximum flux density (kG2). $ P5 I- r5 H6 \9 N) k/ Z5.33 Cycling! U# X! Z. h4 i- H
See 4.32.2 c). ! J5 P N& _- ]6 m/ LTen cycles as described below, shall be performed on the as-received magnet(s) or magnetic component(s).+ ~5 ~. |8 g, I& D- _
The magnet or magnetic component shall be brought together to a distance that initiates magnetic attraction,/ n8 `: A$ E5 [" z- e0 U; i
be released, and then pulled apart to the distance where magnetic attraction ceases. Each attachment and & r1 t8 ~, Q7 Y7 j8 |( l- pdetachment shall count as one cycle. If no other magnets or magnetic components are provided with the toy, $ C& |: R* y) B m. cthe mating metal part or surface, according to the toy’s intended play pattern, shall be used for cycling' @0 r5 U1 O* X
purposes. If no other metal parts or surfaces are provided with the toy, the apparatus described in 5.31.4 shall 2 g" w* c8 K% q2 E3 d/ S9 nbe used for cycling purposes./ u$ h% v& J- Z/ J9 m2 ]& D
5.34 Impact test for magnets - U5 v" W# n$ I8 L6 J) ?See 4.32.2 c). + W$ l* Z# w, Y9 h0 C2 W) }Place the relevant component of the toy in the most onerous position on a plane horizontal steel surface and; A0 N. k% u3 ^
drop a metallic weight with a mass of (1 ± 0,02) kg, distributed over a diameter of (80 ± 2) mm, through a ( n% l" c2 m* a' Kdistance of (100 ± 2) mm onto the toy. ) z- N+ c& s3 K. s% `+ p- aDetermine whether any liberated magnets or magnetic components fit entirely in the cylinder when tested in : n8 `, ~# h$ g# x# r3 |accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).+ L& T3 J- H" {0 W1 x
5.35 Soaking test for magnets( ]) B9 f: z7 ]% s9 e6 U: N: R
See 4.30.2 b). ; v& g8 z' Y, b l S& eSubmerge the toy or toy component completely in a container of demineralised water at a temperature of (20 # j ^8 `5 `3 u; N& i± 5) °C for 4 min. Remove the toy, shake off the excess water and keep the toy at room temperature for 100 @" \- i8 }0 W$ _+ u! ^& K) C- z
min. 6 M8 S: E, S' d% x--`,`,``,,`,```,```,,````,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---作者: 哥哥在家 时间: 2012-11-12 08:54
Perform the soaking test for a total of four cycles. , G2 D, M. t9 k8 i! sImmediately after the last cycle, determine whether any liberated magnets or magnetic components fit entirely + b4 X7 ~$ z7 I) Iin the cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).7 h0 J9 a) \* x* U u6 Z7 U8 R
Annex B Labelling! {+ A3 e- O/ W; Z5 ^; A/ v9 d
Add the following clause:* ~$ i! @% R1 c2 G$ I
B.2.21 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets for children over 8 years x9 A" k. F- Q/ i" m+ U" t
See 4.30.1 and E.44)! @/ q% g7 p% I' ]: f0 r; ]. d
The packaging and the instructions for use of magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children 8 ( [" G# I# U. O/ B: {6 ~1 `- yyears of age or older shall carry a statement comparable or similar to the following.+ u6 O/ \2 K$ v0 R g3 B
“WARNING! Not suitable for children under 8 years. This product contains (a) small magnet(s). & _7 F4 ?/ |9 z1 t, r( W5 pSwallowed magnets can stick together across intestines causing serious infections and death. Seek 9 V3 w0 ^: I- V- }9 i& {! B) aimmediate medical attention if magnet(s) are swallowed or inhaled.” 5 k% b) t+ `* `7 \) l7 ? fAnnex E Rationale8 a- N) ~! C% ^$ ?0 p! d
Add the following clause:2 L, n3 ?8 m8 P6 h0 b1 ]& C
E.44 Magnets/ _$ | z4 M7 m( ^' v" e' O
See 4.30.2 g/ w5 [8 [) |) [; J
These requirements are intended to address the hazards associated with ingestion of strong magnets (e.g.$ a6 f8 }; ~( I* X# e
neodymium iron boron type magnets (“NIB”)), that are capable of causing intestinal perforation or blockage. y1 ]# t) s6 J$ N o1 ^! xThese hazards are additional to those associated with small parts such as suffocation or asphyxiation (see/ }8 F8 g5 k2 \" C0 v& V
E.6). These requirements apply regardless of the age of the intended user.; Q- h! P" ~- x5 N5 o Q
Magnets found by children can be ingested. If more than one magnet, or one magnet and a ferromagnetic $ ] b: c5 ?# zobject (for example an iron or nickel object) is ingested, the objects can attract each other across intestinal( l7 ?9 z5 X3 p3 h
walls and cause perforation or blockage, which can cause severe injuries that may be fatal. ! `2 R& u) L3 o% i8 cMultiple incidents, including at least one fatality, have been reported involving ingestion of magnets resulting : [ T# N+ P- K1 x( Jin perforation or blockage of the intestines. These incidents have involved children younger and older than 3( c* f4 a* c, d' x6 ~( s
years of age. Medical signs associated with intestinal perforation or blockage can easily be misinterpreted+ \8 U3 n( O5 g% U0 o
since many children exhibit only flu-like symptoms. Such misinterpretations have caused delays in the medical7 j! C( N6 z. w( Y4 ~3 ~; X
treatment and led to serious consequences for children." [) \& s: l3 _4 S
For the purpose of this standard, magnets or magnetic components that could be ingested are identified using( l1 H* M l* N" p: W( o
the small parts cylinder. The small parts cylinder was originally designed to identify small parts in toys% U; g8 @ E# A+ O
intended for children under 3 years of age, which are capable of causing suffocation or asphyxiation. It was . [6 P* I' p8 b. r1 W6 a; L( d. ]not designed for identifying objects that can be ingested by older children. The decision to use the small parts * U0 P% d5 v! J% A1 Mcylinder also for assessment of magnets or magnetic components that can be ingested was made for practical ( K# S+ N9 j3 U) @2 a5 o5 vreasons: The cylinder is a well known test template and it provides a safety margin since the magnets and9 ]1 `8 J7 J& z6 ]
magnetic components that have been involved in incidents all fit into the cylinder with a large margin. This% d( @) ^& u. p2 i6 z
same principle has been applied in the requirements for expanding materials. ( U, d ?- z8 L& Q5 ]2 B) zThe risk of magnets attracting each other across intestinal walls is a function of magnet strength. A limit value % h4 ^: b+ x% l, D) H; b1 V& ]in the form of a magnetic flux index has been introduced to define what a sufficiently weak magnet is. Analysis # q/ o0 F& w4 V/ r3 B# Rof the data indicates that only the small, powerful NIB type magnets have been involved in the known ( A d+ J& {* Y, r- J: L, G, {incidents. Further analysis has determined that magnets with a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 . Z( x7 @$ ^5 I--`,`,``,,`,```,```,,````,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---作者: 哥哥在家 时间: 2012-11-12 08:54
T2mm2) are considered appropriate to ensure, with a safety margin, that powerful magnets of this type will not % W- k+ Z3 _% o) dbe permitted for use in toys if they fit entirely within the small parts cylinder. By introducing the flux index limit,+ L2 w6 |' C$ [! V* w4 g- k( A
the risk of injuries with magnets will be minimized. As additional data becomes available in the future, this limit ' l3 c* k" r* W" x% r) n1 mwill be assessed to determine whether it is still appropriate. " V" @- `- M' ~& kTwo or more magnets can attract each other and form a compound magnet with a higher flux index than each " ?# V9 C0 @2 E3 H! M2 k0 ~single magnet. The flux index will not double if two equally strong magnets are attracted to each other and the4 c* J. ?) d; Y2 y! n
increase in flux index will be relatively smaller for every new magnet that is added and will depend on0 X! D2 W+ A: E
magnetic material, shape, cross-section, etc. Ingestion of multiple magnets has only been observed with- b7 @! D( Q; A1 {* q" g( k" a
stronger magnets and there is no incident data regarding weak magnets close to the flux index limit forming a6 N, k j9 s o( v# d2 V
(stronger) compound magnet. Therefore, no additional test for compound magnets is introduced. 9 t% ^" `5 E/ O+ D6 EToys that contain magnets and which can be expected to become wet during normal and foreseeable use are ) P) H4 |3 F3 j/ a: z5 Esubjected to a soaking test to ensure that glued magnets do not detach when the toy is wet. Also, wooden) G1 s+ p8 P G `
toys are subjected to the test since the properties of wood (such as size of holes) can change even with 8 _0 u6 f4 G) _: d. tchanges in air humidity. ; Q/ k. n* M9 {$ W% f7 c$ W! t% jIn some cases magnets are recessed and therefore, cannot be subjected to the normal torque and tension A+ b8 M4 y. Y* e }1 N2 I
tests. Examples of toys have been found where a magnet has become detached by another magnet. A / R' E9 A% Y; a0 @, ]: Y3 n8 p7 mtension test for magnets has been introduced to minimize the risk that such magnets become detached during 9 W0 O0 j5 O. V0 e3 H& Gnormal and foreseeable play. 6 n! F$ s. F B" TFor toys that comprise only one magnetic component, that toy is considered to meet the definition of a& a o6 N5 i$ ^ R6 `5 P3 G
magnetic component (see 3.xx).7 ^$ N' j1 ^/ E$ `, R! t
Functional magnets in toys are not considered to present the same risk as magnets that form part of the play5 o! o$ z6 _4 k$ M/ {8 M
pattern. The use of magnets in these components may not be recognized, as they will be present inside 0 ~" O1 I* |# L" M; kelectrical motors or in relays in electronic circuit boards. None of the reported incidents has been linked to 8 G0 O! Q) ~9 emagnets released from electrical or electronic components. 1 q& g5 C, e. `Magnetic/electrical experimental sets that are intended for children over 8 years of age are excluded from the 2 [8 Y1 ~: a/ V S7 krequirements in 4.30.2 and instead they are required to carry the prescribed warning. The exception applies to6 M8 ?$ x3 \1 K0 J3 Y/ \
only the more advanced experimental sets that include building of electrical motors, loudspeakers, doorbells, ' \, t& C J* T7 B7 a+ setc., i.e. products that require both magnetism and electricity for their function. Magnetic/electrical5 w( Q/ A- Y& z) k8 b. U4 n
experimental sets that are intended for children under 8 years are, therefore, required to comply with the / X9 M, X5 L8 b' w- F \requirements in 4.30.2.. 8 v: D) `3 C2 y8 g, K: \7 g--`,`,``,,`,```,```,,````,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---作者: wuwang 时间: 2012-11-12 14:43
LZ你不会是打算把它全部Copy过来吧？？？作者: YHH198219 时间: 2013-5-27 13:52
学习了
